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INTERNATIONAL ASSET TRACING

An asset rarely disappears without trace - usually the owner, jurisdiction or method of control changes

BLACKFILE identifies assets, companies, real estate, vehicles, corporate interests and other proprietary interests of a person or organisation across countries.

We reconstruct chains of ownership, analyse connected companies and individuals, verify the chronology of changes, and distinguish the registered owner from possible actual control.

For an initial assessment, it is sufficient to provide the name of the person or company, the countries known, the purpose of the search and any available information on assets.

  • OWNERSHIP CHAIN
  • JURISDICTIONS
  • REAL ESTATE
  • CORPORATE RIGHTS
  • ENCUMBRANCE
  • ACTUAL CONTROL
01Исходный владел…02Связанная компа…03Объект недвижим…04Изменение собст…05Структура владе…06Encumbrance07Текущий зарегис…08Признаки фактич…
The path from the original owner to the current registered owner
02 / INITIAL SITUATION

The absence of property registered to a person does not mean the absence of property interests

Assets may be held in companies, transferred to related persons, change jurisdiction, be used without direct registration, or form part of a complex ownership structure.

For this reason the search is not built on name alone. It is necessary to establish companies, partners, family and business connections, corporate changes, transactions and events capable of explaining the transfer of control.

We distinguish between legal title, economic interest and actual control.

03 / WHEN A SEARCH IS NEEDED

When a decision depends on what actually belongs to whom, and to whom

Urban development: real estate as the subject of a search
  1. 01

    Debt recovery

    It is necessary to establish whether assets exist that the legal team can take into account when selecting a strategy.

  2. 02

    Preparation for litigation

    The property structure of a party is examined, along with changes prior to a dispute and possible indications of asset dissipation.

  3. 03

    Enforcement of a court judgment

    Assets and jurisdictions need to be identified for a subsequent legal assessment of recovery prospects.

  4. 04

    Division of a business or property

    Companies, shareholdings, properties and changes in ownership structure are reconstructed.

  5. 05

    Succession matter

    Assets, corporate rights and property interests of the deceased are verified.

  6. 06

    Due Diligence

    It is necessary to establish the property basis of a person's or company's stated position.

  7. 07

    Fraud

    A possible route of fund movement and asset acquisition is analysed.

04 / WHAT IS SEARCHED FOR

From corporate rights to indications of actual control

The scope of a search depends on the jurisdictions involved and the availability of lawful sources. Closed bank accounts are not established: this falls outside the limits of lawful work.

01

Companies and shareholdings

  • active companies
  • historical roles
  • direct and indirect ownership
  • shareholdings and corporate rights
  • related structures
02

Real estate

  • registered properties
  • historical transfers
  • encumbrances
  • related owner companies
  • indications of actual use
03

Vehicles and special assets

  • cars
  • aircraft
  • vessels
  • equipment
  • other registrable assets - where lawful sources are available
04

Financial interests

  • publicly available investment interests
  • dividends
  • shareholdings
  • pledges
  • creditor claims
  • property rights
05

Connected persons

  • business partners
  • directors
  • nominee owners
  • trustees
  • related companies
  • family connections - only where legally necessary
06

Search limitations

  • closed bank accounts are not established
  • digital assets - a separate Crypto Tracing service line
  • jurisdictions with limited disclosure
  • information requiring a formal request from a lawyer
  • conclusions requiring legal assessment in the asset's country
Port infrastructure: registrable assets and logistics of ownership
OWNERSHIP CHAIN

Registered owner, economic interest and actual control - three different things

05 /

  1. Jurisdiction
    Country of origin
    Period
    Before the dispute arose
    Что установлено
    Direct ownership established from register data for the initial period.

Encumbrances and signs of continuing actual control are marked in red. Account balances are not established

What matters is not only the current owner but also the moment the structure changed

  1. 01AcquisitionThe asset was acquired and registered to the original owner.
  2. 02OwnershipA period of stable ownership with no change to the structure.
  3. 03Emergence of a dispute or debtAn obligation or dispute arises.
  4. 04TransferTitle passes to a related person or company.
  5. 05EncumbranceAn encumbrance or other limitation appears on the object.
  6. 06New company or jurisdictionThe ownership structure changes country.
  7. 07Current statusThe registered owner and indicators of actual control as of the verification date.

Красным отмечены события, произошедшие непосредственно перед спором, взысканием или сделкой

06 / RESULT

Asset map indicating what is confirmed and what remains a hypothesis

The materials are prepared in a format suitable for use by a legal team in the relevant jurisdiction.

R-01 / RESULT

Map of established assets

List of properties, companies and corporate rights, indicating countries of location and sources.

R-02 / RESULT

Ownership chart

Direct and indirect ownership, related companies and individuals through whom the structure runs.

R-03 / RESULT

Chronology of changes

Acquisitions, transfers, encumbrances and changes of jurisdiction, linked to the date of the dispute or debt.

R-04 / RESULT

Owners and control

Registered owners and, separately, indications of economic interest or actual control.

R-05 / RESULT

Encumbrances and limitations

Known liens, restrictions and circumstances affecting the ability to dispose of the asset.

R-06 / RESULT

Sources and questions for lawyers

The degree of confirmation of each conclusion, the limits of the search and questions for the legal team.

BLACKFILE establishes the available facts and connections, but does not decide on seizure, recovery or ownership of property. The prospects for legal action are assessed by specialist advisors in the relevant country.

07 / CLIENTS

For those assessing the prospects before committing resources

CL-01 / CLIENT

Creditors and banks

When it is necessary to understand whether it makes sense to continue recovery, and in which jurisdiction.

CL-02 / CLIENT

Legal teams

When a position requires an asset picture of the other party and a chronology of changes.

CL-03 / CLIENT

Companies in dispute

When a counterparty changes its ownership structure before or during a conflict.

CL-04 / CLIENT

Investment funds

When distressed assets and debt claims are assessed across several countries.

CL-05 / CLIENT

Heirs and their representatives

When it is necessary to establish the property interests of a deceased person.

CL-06 / CLIENT

Family Offices

When family property is distributed across countries and structures.

08 / SCENARIOS

How the ownership picture is reconstructed

Business district: ownership structure and corporate addresses
AT-01Debt Recovery SupportA composite example based on typical tasks

Search for a debtor's assets in several countries

Задача. Task - assess the prospect of recovery. Initial information: debtor's name, two countries, a known company. Verification route: corporate registers, real estate objects, connected persons.

Результат. Two companies and a real estate object registered to a connected person were established. Confirmation was obtained in full for one jurisdiction, partially for the second. Limitation: disclosure in one of the countries is limited, the conclusion on control remained analytical. Practical significance: the legal team obtained grounds for choosing the jurisdiction for recovery.

International matter
AT-02Real EstateA composite example based on typical tasks

Establishing real estate through connected companies

Задача. Task - verify the property basis of a party's stated position. Initial information: a company and a circle of connected persons. Verification route: real estate registers, corporate records, history of transfers.

Результат. The objects were found not in the individual's name, but in two companies with common representatives. Transfers of title and current owners were confirmed. Limitation: economic interest is not directly confirmed, indications of control are noted as probable.

Several connected jurisdictions
AT-03Pre-LitigationA composite example based on typical tasks

Reconstructing an asset transfer before litigation

Задача. Task - verify changes in ownership structure prior to a dispute. Initial information: date the obligation arose and a list of known assets. Verification route: chronology of corporate and registry events.

Результат. It was established that the transfer of the share and the change of jurisdiction occurred in the period after the obligation arose. The chronology is confirmed by registry dates. Limitation: the legal qualification of these actions falls within the competence of the legal team.

International matter
AT-04Control AnalysisA composite example based on typical tasks

Identifying corporate interests and actual control

Задача. Task - understand who actually controls the group's assets. Initial information: several companies in different countries. Verification route: representatives, addresses, counterparties, overlapping roles.

Результат. Overlaps in representatives and addresses were identified between formally unconnected companies. Some connections are documented, others remained indirect. Limitation: the beneficial owners of the structure in a jurisdiction with limited disclosure were not established.

Several connected jurisdictions

The scenarios presented are composite examples based on typical tasks. They are not descriptions of specific completed projects. BLACKFILE does not identify closed bank accounts and does not guarantee that assets will be found.

09 / PROCESS

The search is built around a specific target, not a name

  1. 01

    Initial assessment

    The client names the object of the search, the known countries and the objective of the task.

  2. 02

    Verification of legitimate purpose

    We assess the basis of the search: recovery, dispute, inheritance or due diligence.

  3. 03

    Identification

    We confirm that the check is being conducted on the correct person or company.

  4. 04

    Countries and asset types

    We determine the jurisdictions and categories of assets available for lawful verification.

  5. 05

    Connected structures

    We identify the companies, partners and persons through whom ownership may be held.

  6. 06

    Registers and sources

    We check official registers and independent sources for each jurisdiction.

  7. 07

    Chronology

    We reconstruct the sequence of acquisitions, transfers and encumbrances.

  8. 08

    Verification of connections

    We confirm material connections and separate coincidences from confirmed facts.

  9. 09

    Asset map

    We build an ownership scheme with levels of confirmation and limitations.

  10. 10

    Discussion

    We discuss the result with the client or their legal team.

10 / ENGAGEMENT FORMAT

Engagement formats and cost

Choose the engagement format based on the number of countries, asset types and the complexity of the ownership structure.

01

Asset Search

From €4,000

Usually 7-12 business days

The cost depends on the number of people, companies, countries, asset types, depth of history and the cost of access to official sources.

Verification of companies, corporate roles and available registrable assets in one jurisdiction.

Included
  • one person or company
  • one main country
  • companies and corporate roles
  • accessible real estate and registrable assets
  • basic encumbrances
  • brief asset map

Brief asset map with sources and the limits of verification.

02Recommended format

International Asset Tracing

From €8,000 to €25,000

Usually 15-30 business days

The cost depends on the number of people, companies, countries, asset types, depth of history and the cost of access to official sources.

Full search with reconstruction of ownership chains, chronology of changes and control map.

Included
  • several countries
  • related companies and individuals
  • direct and indirect ownership
  • real estate and vehicles
  • corporate rights
  • encumbrances
  • chronology of changes
  • control map

Detailed report with an ownership map, chronology and questions for the legal team.

03Complex

Complex Asset Investigation

On request

Timeframe is determined after assessment

Cost is determined after assessment and depends on the number of countries, structures and depth of history. Third-party costs are agreed in advance.

Work with complex international structures, multiple individuals, bankruptcy or a major dispute.

Included
  • complex international structures
  • multiple individuals and companies
  • trusts and foundations
  • nominee ownership
  • bankruptcy or major dispute
  • individual control map

Individual report with a control map and materials for legal teams in multiple countries.

11 / LAWFULNESS

The search is conducted through legally accessible sources

BLACKFILE does not obtain unlawful access to banking data, tax secrecy, closed government systems or private correspondence.

The search is conducted for a legitimate purpose: recovery, litigation, Due Diligence, inheritance, corporate dispute or protection of a property interest. If there is no lawful basis, the matter is not accepted.

  • legitimate purpose of the search
  • official registers and open sources
  • separation of ownership, interest and control
  • confirmation level for each conclusion
  • honest limitations of the search
  • confidentiality of the client
13 / QUESTIONS

What is important to understand before starting a search

Registrable and disclosable: companies and shareholdings, real estate, vehicles, aircraft and vessels, corporate rights, liens and publicly available property interests. The scope depends on the jurisdiction: in some countries registers are open, in others disclosure is limited.

Yes, international search is the standard engagement format. Each jurisdiction has its own registers, cost of access and legal limitations. The number of countries directly affects timeline and cost.

No. Closed bank accounts and their balances are not established - this is banking secrecy, accessible only through official legal procedures. We work with corporate, registry and open sources and do not promise what cannot be obtained lawfully.

Yes, and this is often how the asset is discovered. We check companies where the person held or holds roles, related parties, and the history of title transfers. Ownership through a legal entity does not conceal the object if the structure can be traced through registers.

By a combination of indicators: matching representatives and addresses, shared counterparties, the nature of transactions, retention of a managerial role. Such a conclusion is always presented as an analytical assessment, not as an established fact: legal qualification is given by a lawyer in the relevant country.

Yes, liens and known limitations are checked where they are disclosed. This matters for assessing prospects: an asset may exist but be encumbered to the point that recovery loses practical meaning.

Yes, the chronology of transfers is one of the key parts of the work. Particular attention is given to events that occurred immediately before a dispute, recovery action or bankruptcy. Legal assessment of such actions is given by the legal team.

The report serves as a basis for the legal team's decisions on where and how to act. It is not itself a procedural document and does not replace legal actions for seizure or enforcement.

The name of the person or company, known countries, the purpose of the search, and any information about assets you already have are sufficient. The more precise the initial data, the shorter the path to a result.

Asset Search usually takes 7-12 business days, international search - 15-30 business days. Complex structures involving trusts and multiple jurisdictions require a separate timeline assessment.

You receive a report on the jurisdictions, registers and related parties checked, indicating where disclosure is limited. The absence of findings is also a result: it helps avoid spending resources on recovery with no prospects. We will not present a supposition as a found asset.

Information about the client, the purpose of the search and the progress of the work is not disclosed. We do not contact the subject of the check or their circle, so as not to alert the party to the work being conducted.

A recovery decision becomes well-founded once the ownership structure and its history are visible

14 / INITIAL ASSESSMENT

Indicate whose assets need to be identified and for what decision

At the initial stage, general information is sufficient. Do not attach court or bank documents - these are requested after a secure channel has been agreed

Contact

An initial enquiry creates no obligations and does not mean the matter is automatically accepted.